italian-citizenship-laws-history
The concept of Italian citizenship emerged with the unification of Italy in 1861. Before this, Italy was fragmented into multiple states, each with its own legal traditions and identity. The Law of March 17, 1861, proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, laying the foundation for a unified national identity. However, formal citizenship laws were still undefined.
Decree-Law No. 36/2025 approved and the new rules for Italian citizenship: Photo of the Italian parlament
On May 20, 2025, the Chamber of Deputies approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, now law No. 74 of May 23, 2025, with 137 votes in favor and 83 against, finalizing the proposal introduced in March by the coalition led by Giorgia Meloni, which was previously passed by the Senate on May 15.
From North to South - the best places to live in Italy: Photo of a church near the Dolomites, in the Italian alps
Italy is a country steeped in cultural heritage, boasting stunning landscapes and a deep historical legacy. Divided into regions, provinces, municipalities, and metropolitan cities, each area offers a distinct lifestyle and unique experiences. In this exploration, we’ll uncover the best places to live, considering factors like culture, economy, and quality of life.
Legal arguments for Italian citizenship by descent under decree-law 36/2025: Photo of man walking through a historical building in Italy
Decree-Law 36/2025 has significantly restricted Italian citizenship by descent, allowing recognition only for children and grandchildren of Italians, while excluding great-grandchildren and further descendants. This change has sparked legal and constitutional debates.
The role of Italy's regions in shaping national identity: Photo of an historical building in Rome
Italy is renowned for its rich regional diversity, which has deeply influenced its national identity throughout history. From distinct dialects and culinary traditions to varied economic models, each region has contributed uniquely to Italy’s character.
decree-law-citizenship-impact
On May 15, 2025, the Italian Senate approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, a legislative measure that restricts the recognition of Italian citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). The measure has sparked intense debate, with critics raising concerns about its constitutional validity, retroactive effects, and potential discrimination.
Best citizenships: photo of the Italian district of Manarola
Summary

An Index Ranking for citizenship is a modern tool designed to help individuals evaluate and choose the best citizenships based on various criteria, such as enhanced international mobility and quality of life. This ranking assesses and compares the value of citizenships worldwide, offering a comprehensive view of what it means to hold a particular nationality. In essence, the Index Ranking serves as a guide for those looking to optimize their freedom of movement, economic opportunities, and overall living standards.

In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to travel freely, access high-quality healthcare, receive top-tier education, and enjoy economic stability are very important factors that influence the decision to acquire a particular citizenship. The Index Ranking offers a data-driven approach to evaluate these factors, helping individuals make informed decisions about their future.

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Evaluation criteria

Each index ranking uses a different methodology. For example, passportindex.org considers:

  • Travel freedom: This criterion measures the number of countries a passport holder can visit without a visa or with visa-on-arrival.
     
  • Quality of life: This platform considers the UNDP’s Human Development index. This platform includes this criterion as a tie breaker. 

For individuals holding Italian citizenship, these criteria are particularly advantageous. The travel freedom afforded by an Italian passport is substantial, providing access to numerous countries without the need for a visa. Additionally, Italy offers a high quality of life with a robust healthcare system, excellent educational institutions, and a rich cultural heritage.

Requirements to become an Italian citizen

Obtaining Italian citizenship is a desirable goal for many. Here are the main eligibility criteria:

  • Descent (Jus Sanguinis): If you have an Italian ancestor, you may be eligible for citizenship by descent. This is one of the most common paths, allowing individuals to claim citizenship based on their lineage.
     
  • Marriage: Spouses of Italian citizens can apply for citizenship after a certain period of marriage.
     
  • Residency: Non-Italian nationals who have legally resided in Italy for a specified number of years can apply for citizenship. The residency period varies depending on the applicant’s nationality and circumstances. 

The application process involves gathering and submitting various documents, such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and proof of residency. It can be a complex and time-consuming process, often requiring legal and bureaucratic navigation.

Italian citizenship in the Index

Italian citizenship consistently ranks high in most Passport Indexes, thanks to its numerous benefits. The travel freedom provided by an Italian passport is exceptional, allowing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 177 countries. This high level of mobility is a significant advantage for anyone looking to travel frequently or relocate with ease.

In addition to travel freedom, Italian citizenship offers several lesser-known benefits. One such benefit is access to Italy’s high-quality public healthcare system, which is among the best in the world. Italian citizens also enjoy extensive educational opportunities, not only within Italy but across the European Union. The right to live and work in any EU country is another major advantage, providing immense flexibility and opportunities for personal and professional growth.

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Comparison with other citizenships

When compared to other top-ranked citizenships, Italian citizenship stands out in several ways. While citizenships like those of the United States and Singapore also offer high travel freedom, Italian citizenship provides easier access to more countries and is often seen as more accessible.

In terms of quality of life, Italy’s rich cultural heritage, favorable climate, and excellent healthcare system make it a highly attractive option. Economically, Italy provides substantial opportunities for work and business within the EU, which is a significant factor for entrepreneurs and professionals alike. The cost-benefit ratio of Italian citizenship is particularly noteworthy, as it offers extensive benefits at a relatively lower cost compared to other highly ranked citizenships.

Acquisition process

The process of acquiring Italian citizenship can be complex, involving several steps and extensive documentation. Here’s a brief overview:

  • Eligibility check: Determine your eligibility based on descent, marriage, or residency.
     
  • Document collection: Gather necessary documents, such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and proof of residency. This step often requires obtaining documents from multiple countries and may involve translation and certification.
     
  • Application submission: Submit your application to the relevant Italian authorities, either in Italy or through Italian consulates abroad.
     
  • Consular complexities: Navigating the consular process can be challenging, with long wait times and detailed requirements. It’s advisable to seek professional assistance to ensure all documents are correctly prepared and submitted.
     

For those considering this path, specialized services like those offered by io.citizen can provide invaluable support, guiding applicants through the bureaucratic maze and increasing the chances of a successful application.

In summary, Italian citizenship stands out as one of the most advantageous in an Index Ranking. Its high travel freedom, excellent quality of life, and economic opportunities make it an appealing choice for many. Moreover, the lesser-known benefits, such as access to top-tier healthcare and education, add to its attractiveness.

Navigating the process of acquiring Italian citizenship can be daunting, but with professional support, the journey can be significantly smoother. If you’re considering Italian citizenship, it’s wise to seek expert guidance to ensure a successful application and enjoy the full benefits that come with this prestigious nationality.

Begin your journey to Italian citizenship

Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.

The quote is quick, free, and without any commitment. We'll get back to you with more details within 24 hours.

Begin your journey to Italian citizenship

Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.