italian-citizenship-laws-history
The concept of Italian citizenship emerged with the unification of Italy in 1861. Before this, Italy was fragmented into multiple states, each with its own legal traditions and identity. The Law of March 17, 1861, proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, laying the foundation for a unified national identity. However, formal citizenship laws were still undefined.
Decree-Law No. 36/2025 approved and the new rules for Italian citizenship: Photo of the Italian parlament
On May 20, 2025, the Chamber of Deputies approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, now law No. 74 of May 23, 2025, with 137 votes in favor and 83 against, finalizing the proposal introduced in March by the coalition led by Giorgia Meloni, which was previously passed by the Senate on May 15.
From North to South - the best places to live in Italy: Photo of a church near the Dolomites, in the Italian alps
Italy is a country steeped in cultural heritage, boasting stunning landscapes and a deep historical legacy. Divided into regions, provinces, municipalities, and metropolitan cities, each area offers a distinct lifestyle and unique experiences. In this exploration, we’ll uncover the best places to live, considering factors like culture, economy, and quality of life.
Legal arguments for Italian citizenship by descent under decree-law 36/2025: Photo of man walking through a historical building in Italy
Decree-Law 36/2025 has significantly restricted Italian citizenship by descent, allowing recognition only for children and grandchildren of Italians, while excluding great-grandchildren and further descendants. This change has sparked legal and constitutional debates.
The role of Italy's regions in shaping national identity: Photo of an historical building in Rome
Italy is renowned for its rich regional diversity, which has deeply influenced its national identity throughout history. From distinct dialects and culinary traditions to varied economic models, each region has contributed uniquely to Italy’s character.
decree-law-citizenship-impact
On May 15, 2025, the Italian Senate approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, a legislative measure that restricts the recognition of Italian citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). The measure has sparked intense debate, with critics raising concerns about its constitutional validity, retroactive effects, and potential discrimination.
How to apply for italian citizenship in Australia: Aerial photo of the Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge
Summary

To be eligible for Italian citizenship by descent, individuals must meet specific criteria. Italian citizenship is primarily based on the principle of jus sanguinis, meaning “right of blood.”

This principle allows individuals to apply for Italian citizenship through their ancestors. To qualify, applicants must demonstrate an unbroken line of descent from an Italian ancestor, meaning that none of their ancestors in the direct line renounced Italian citizenship before passing it onto the next generation.

As a consequence of the application of jus sanguinis, the process of applying for Italian citizenship by descent requires gathering specific documents to prove the unbroken line of descent. These essential documents include:

  • Birth certificates of the applicant and their Italian ancestors
  • Marriage certificates of the applicant and their Italian ancestors
  • Death certificates of Italian ancestors, if applicable
  • Proof of residency for the applicant
     

Any document that is not in Italian must be translated by a sworn translator and authenticated with an apostille. These documents serve as evidence of the lineage and ensure that the application is complete and accurate.

Obtaining these records can be a time-consuming and meticulous process, as it may involve contacting various government agencies and archives in different countries. 

Choosing the right path to apply for Italian citizenship

When it comes to obtaining Italian citizenship by descent, applicants have two primary paths to choose from: the consular process and the judicial process. The consular process involves submitting the application through the local Italian consulate, while the judicial process involves filing a petition directly with the Italian courts.

Consular process

The consular process is the traditional method for obtaining Italian citizenship. Applicants must submit their documents to the local Italian consulate, which will review the application and verify the authenticity of the documents.

Due to the high volume of applications, this process can be quite lengthy, with consulates often struggling to meet the overwhelming demand for their services

Judicial process

The judicial process offers an alternative for individuals seeking a more efficient and expedited route to Italian citizenship. Unlike the consular process, the judicial route involves filing a petition directly with the Italian courts. This approach can significantly reduce the time and effort required to obtain citizenship.

The judicial process is particularly advantageous for applicants with complex cases, such as those involving the 1948 rule for female ancestry. This rule pertains to individuals whose Italian citizenship was interrupted because a female ancestor gave birth to her child before January 1, 1948. For such cases, the judicial process is the only option for application. For more information, click here.

Choosing the right path depends on the applicant’s specific circumstances and the complexity of their case. Consulting with a specialized agency like io.citizen can help applicants determine the best route for their application.

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Common challenges

Australian residents seeking Italian citizenship by descent may encounter several challenges throughout the application process. Some of the common difficulties include:

  • Long wait times: Due to the high demand for Italian citizenship, applicants may face extended wait times at the Italian consulates in Australia. The consulates often struggle to handle the volume of applications.
     
  • Bureaucratic complexity: Gathering the necessary documentation can be a complex and time-consuming process. Applicants must obtain accurate and complete records from various sources, ensure that all documents are properly translated and authenticated.
     
  • Verification of documents: The consulates require meticulous verification of documents to ensure their authenticity. Any discrepancies or missing information can lead to delays or rejection of the application.
     

Understanding these challenges and being prepared can help applicants navigate the process more effectively. Seeking professional assistance from agencies like io.citizen can also alleviate some of the stress and complexity associated with the application process.

Exploring the benefits of Italian citizenship

Obtaining Italian citizenship offers a wealth of benefits for Australian residents. Some of the lesser-known advantages of holding an Italian passport include:

  • Visa-free travel within the EU: Italian citizens can travel freely within the Schengen Area, which includes 29 European countries. This allows for easier exploration of Europe for leisure, business, or educational purposes without the need for visas.
     
  • Educational opportunities: Italian citizens have access to some of the world’s best educational institutions within the European Union. Many universities offer reduced tuition fees to EU nationals, making higher education more affordable and accessible.
     
  • Work opportunities: With an Italian passport, individuals have the right to work in any EU country without the need for additional visas or work permits. This opens up a broader job market and increases career opportunities within the EU.
     
  • Healthcare access: Italian citizens are eligible to use the public healthcare systems in Italy and other EU countries. This access to high-quality healthcare ensures that individuals receive necessary medical attention while living or traveling in Europe.
     

These benefits extend beyond the general advantages of dual citizenship, providing Australian residents with opportunities for personal and professional growth within the European Union.

How io.citizen can help

For those seeking to navigate the complexities of the Italian citizenship application process, specialized consultancies like io.citizen provide invaluable support. Their comprehensive services, expertise in handling complex cases, and personalized approach make them an excellent resource for individuals looking to obtain Italian citizenship.

By working with experienced professionals, applicants can increase their chances of success and secure their Italian passport, opening doors to a world of opportunities.

The services provided by io.citizen include guiding applicants through each step of the process, from initial research to final submission. We help gather and prepare all necessary documentation, ensuring that everything is in order and meets the legal requirements. io.citizen’s expertise extends to handling complex cases, such as those involving the 1948 rule, which can be particularly challenging to resolve.

Choosing a reliable and comprehensive service is crucial due to the complexity of the process. Before starting any procedure on your own, it is advisable to contact specialists who can provide guidance and support.By making an informed decision and seeking professional assistance, Australian residents can successfully navigate the Italian citizenship application process and enjoy the numerous benefits that come with dual citizenship.

Begin your journey to Italian citizenship

Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.