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The Italian diaspora refers to the vast movement of Italians to different parts of the world, particularly during the 19th and 20th centuries. Millions of Italians left their homeland, seeking economic opportunities, escaping political turmoil, or following family networks abroad.

The concept of Italian citizenship emerged with the unification of Italy in 1861. Before this, Italy was fragmented into multiple states, each with its own legal traditions and identity. The Law of March 17, 1861, proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, laying the foundation for a unified national identity. However, formal citizenship laws were still undefined.

On May 20, 2025, the Chamber of Deputies approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, now law No. 74 of May 23, 2025, with 137 votes in favor and 83 against, finalizing the proposal introduced in March by the coalition led by Giorgia Meloni, which was previously passed by the Senate on May 15.

Italy is a country steeped in cultural heritage, boasting stunning landscapes and a deep historical legacy. Divided into regions, provinces, municipalities, and metropolitan cities, each area offers a distinct lifestyle and unique experiences. In this exploration, we’ll uncover the best places to live, considering factors like culture, economy, and quality of life.

Decree-Law 36/2025 has significantly restricted Italian citizenship by descent, allowing recognition only for children and grandchildren of Italians, while excluding great-grandchildren and further descendants. This change has sparked legal and constitutional debates.

Italy is renowned for its rich regional diversity, which has deeply influenced its national identity throughout history. From distinct dialects and culinary traditions to varied economic models, each region has contributed uniquely to Italy’s character.

On May 15, 2025, the Italian Senate approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, a legislative measure that restricts the recognition of Italian citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). The measure has sparked intense debate, with critics raising concerns about its constitutional validity, retroactive effects, and potential discrimination.

The voto di fiducia (vote of confidence) is a key mechanism in the Italian parliamentary system, designed to ensure government stability while linking legislative approval to executive survival. As Article 94 of the Italian Constitution states, the government must secure the confidence of both parliamentary chambers to function effectively.

The Italian Senate approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025 on Thursday, May 15, imposing restrictions on the recognition of Italian citizenship by descent. The measure, proposed by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s government, passed with 81 votes in favor and 37 against, in a session with low participation—only 119 out of 205 eligible senators attended.

The Catholic Church has been a fundamental pillar in Italy’s history, influencing its political structure, territorial organization, cultural development, and national identity. From Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages, through the Italian Unification (Risorgimento) and modern constitutional debates.