Dual citizenship, the status of being a citizen of two different countries, offers a unique blend of opportunities and responsibilities. In this article, we delve into the advantages of holding dual citizenship, as well as the potential challenges.
Whether you’re considering reclaiming your Italian heritage or exploring other dual citizenship options, let’s explore the details!
Why choose Italian dual citizenship?
- Access to rights and services: As a dual citizen, you benefit from the rights and legal responsibilities of both countries. This includes access to healthcare, education, and other public services in both places.
- Visa-free travel: Enjoy the freedom to travel across the European Union without hassles. Explore the continent for professional and educational growth.
- Passport power and advantages: The Italian passport is one of the most powerful in the world, providing its holders with significant global mobility and fewer travel restrictions beyond the EU.
- Family connection: For many, obtaining Italian citizenship is a way to reconnect with their ancestral roots and preserve their heritage for future generations.
- Dual citizenship expands your job prospects: In the U.S.A., being a U.S. citizen allows you to work freely. With Italian dual citizenship, you will be even more attractive to the job market. Additionally, in Italy and other EU countries, you can explore employment opportunities without work permits.
- Lower tuition fees: If you pursue higher education, having Italian citizenship can lead to reduced tuition fees at universities in Italy and other EU member states.
Despite these benefits, it is important to acknowledge that dual citizenship comes with certain responsibilities and challenges, including the obligation to comply with legal requirements in both countries, such as paying taxes, adhering to local laws, and, if applicable, fulfilling military service (which is not the case for Italy).
Additionally, some government positions may be restricted due to potential conflicts of interest or security concerns. Managing dual citizenship can also involve extensive paperwork, administrative processes, and the need to stay informed about regulations in both nations.
Nonetheless, as previously highlighted, it is widely recognized that the benefits significantly outweigh these limitations.
Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.
Advantages of Dual Citizenship:
Access to Rights and Services:
As a dual citizen, you benefit from the rights and legal responsibilities of both countries. This includes access to healthcare, education, and other public services in both places. Additionally, having dual citizenship allows you to seek assistance from two different consulates when traveling abroad, which can be helpful in case of difficulties.
Travel and Mobility:
Dual citizenship allows you to move freely between the two countries without visa restrictions. For instance:
- As an Italian citizen, you have visa-free access to any European Union (EU) country.
- You can live, work, and study in either country without cumbersome immigration processes.
Dual citizenship expands your job prospects:
- In the U.S.A., being a U.S. citizen allows you to work freely. Additionally, having dual citizenship makes you more attractive to the job market.
- In Italy and other EU countries, you can explore employment opportunities without work permits.
- Lower Tuition Fees: If you pursue higher education, having Italian citizenship can lead to reduced tuition fees at universities in Italy and other EU member states.
Entrepreneurship in the EU:
If you’re considering starting a business, Italian citizenship facilitates entrepreneurship in European countries. You will have easier access to markets and resources.
In summary, dual citizenship offers convenience, mobility, and opportunities, but it also comes with responsibilities and obligations. If you are considering applying for Italian citizenship, seeking expert assistance, such as io.citizenship’s, ensures a smooth and seamless journey.
Who qualifies for Italian dual citizenship?
Italian citizenship by descent (Jus sanguinis)
Italian citizenship by descent is one of the most common paths. If you have an Italian parent or grandparent born in Italy, you may be eligible for this type of citizenship.
Alternatively, eligibility may also apply if your Italian parent—not grandparent—lived continuously in Italy for at least two years. To qualify, you must demonstrate that your Italian ancestor held exclusive Italian citizenship at the time of their death.
Italian citizenship by marriage
Spouses of Italian citizens are eligible for Italian citizenship through marriage. The requirements typically include:
- Legal marriage to an Italian citizen for 3 years if residing abroad, or 2 years if residing in Italy. This period is halved if the couple has children.
- B1 level proficiency in the Italian language
Italian citizenship by naturalization
Long-term residents of Italy may qualify for citizenship through naturalization. The basic criteria include:
- Legal residency in Italy for 10 years for non-EU citizens.
- B1 level proficiency in the Italian language
Special cases
The 1948 rule applies to individuals whose Italian citizenship was interrupted because a female ancestor gave birth to her child before January 1, 1948. For such cases, the judicial process is the only option for application, even after the implementation of the new Italian citizenship application system. This rule requires:
- Proof of Italian ancestry through the maternal line.
- Legal petition to an Italian court.
Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.
Comparison of citizenship benefits
Below is a visual comparison of the benefits of Italian citizenship compared to other forms of dual citizenship:
| Italy | Germany | Spain | Portugal | |
| Allows Dual Citizenship | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| EU Citizen Rights | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Processing Time | 2-5 years | 5-7 years | 1-3 years | 2-3 years |
| Generational Limit for Applying | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
How to Apply for Italian Dual Citizenship
The process for applying for Italian dual citizenship involves several key steps:
Determine eligibility based on ancestral lineage, marital status, or residency. Gather essential documentation, such as birth, marriage, and death certificates to establish a clear connection to an Italian ancestor.
As of 2025, with the enactment of Law No. 74/2025, Italian consulates and municipalities have ceased accepting applications for citizenship by descent. All administrative procedures are set to be centralized under a newly established governmental body; however, its structure, operational framework, and specific guidelines are still pending.
As a result, all existing consular and communal queues were formally dissolved, leaving judicial proceedings as the only available pathway to obtaining Italian citizenship. Applicants who intend to challenge Law 74/2025 are strongly advised to retain documentation—such as a receipt or proof of their original place in line at a consulate—as part of their legal strategy.
It is important to emphasize that the outcome of these legal challenges remains uncertain, as Italian courts continue to evaluate the constitutionality and retroactive implications of the law.
Common challenges & solutions
- High demand for consular services can result in long wait times for appointments. Plan ahead and book appointments as early as possible.
- The process requires precise documentation, which can be daunting. Hire a specialist assistance company to help gather and prepare the necessary documents.
FAQ
Does Italy allow dual citizenship?
Yes, Italy allows dual citizenship, meaning you can hold Italian citizenship alongside another nationality.
How long does the application process for Italian dual citizenship take?
The process can take anywhere from a few months to several years, depending on the complexity of the case and the route chosen (consular vs. judicial).
Can I keep my original passport with Italian dual citizenship?
Yes, you can retain your original passport and hold dual citizenship with Italy.
Do I need to speak Italian for dual citizenship by descent?
No, proficiency in Italian is not required for citizenship by descent, but it is beneficial for integrating into Italian society.
Is military service required for Italian dual citizens?
No, military service is not required for those who obtain Italian citizenship by descent, marriage, or naturalization.
