What are the main changes to Italian citizenship laws in 2025?
The Decree-Law No. 36/2025, published on March 28, 2025, introduces significant changes to Italian citizenship jus sanguinis (citizenship by descent). Previously, individuals could claim citizenship regardless of the number of generations separating them from their Italian ancestor, provided they could trace an unbroken lineage to an Italian citizen.
Eligibility is now restricted to children and grandchildren of Italian nationals born in Italy. Descendants beyond the second generation—such as great-grandchildren—are no longer eligible unless their applications were submitted before the decree’s enactment.
This change has sparked widespread criticism due to its retroactive enforcement, as it disrupts previously recognized citizenship rights and raises concerns about judicial security. The law aims to address administrative burdens on Italian consulates and municipalities, which have struggled to manage the high volume of citizenship applications worldwide.
Does the new law affect those already in the process of citizenship recognition?
It depends. Applications submitted before March 28, 2025 will still be processed under the previous rules, meaning individuals beyond the second generation who filed before the cutoff date retain their eligibility. However, individuals who were in the process of gathering documentation but failed to formally submit their application by the deadline are now ineligible.
This retroactive application of the law has been criticized for violating the principle of non-retroactivity, a cornerstone of Italian legal tradition. Legal experts argue that citizenship recognition is a declaratory action, confirming an existing right rather than granting a new one. The decree’s retroactive nature undermines this principle, leaving many applicants without recourse.
What are the next steps?
The Decree-Law No. 36/2025 is currently in its 60-day parliamentary review period, as required by the Italian Constitution. During this time, Parliament can choose to approve, amend, or repeal the law. Opponents of the decree, including lawmakers and international advocacy groups, have already proposed amendments to reinstate broader eligibility criteria or moderate the law’s retroactive impact.
Additionally, the Constitutional Court is set to evaluate the law’s validity in June 2025, particularly concerning its compliance with Italy’s legal principles and international obligations. If the decree is deemed unconstitutional, it may be repealed or significantly altered. Until this process is concluded, applicants are advised to remain cautious and avoid making any premature decisions.
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Will there be an increase in fees or costs for applying for Italian citizenship?
Under the current framework, applicants must already cover various expenses, including consular processing fees, document translation and legalization, and, in some cases, legal representation. While no official fee hikes have been confirmed, it is advisable to budget for potential changes and ensure funds are prepared for any unexpected increases.
Where can I find official updates about these changes?
For reliable information about the evolving situation, individuals can visit trusted sources such as the io.citizen website, which provides comprehensive updates on Italian citizenship laws and regulations.
Additionally, monitoring announcements from Italian consulates and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will ensure access to accurate and timely details.
