italian-citizenship-laws-history
The concept of Italian citizenship emerged with the unification of Italy in 1861. Before this, Italy was fragmented into multiple states, each with its own legal traditions and identity. The Law of March 17, 1861, proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, laying the foundation for a unified national identity. However, formal citizenship laws were still undefined.
Decree-Law No. 36/2025 approved and the new rules for Italian citizenship: Photo of the Italian parlament
On May 20, 2025, the Chamber of Deputies approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, now law No. 74 of May 23, 2025, with 137 votes in favor and 83 against, finalizing the proposal introduced in March by the coalition led by Giorgia Meloni, which was previously passed by the Senate on May 15.
From North to South - the best places to live in Italy: Photo of a church near the Dolomites, in the Italian alps
Italy is a country steeped in cultural heritage, boasting stunning landscapes and a deep historical legacy. Divided into regions, provinces, municipalities, and metropolitan cities, each area offers a distinct lifestyle and unique experiences. In this exploration, we’ll uncover the best places to live, considering factors like culture, economy, and quality of life.
Legal arguments for Italian citizenship by descent under decree-law 36/2025: Photo of man walking through a historical building in Italy
Decree-Law 36/2025 has significantly restricted Italian citizenship by descent, allowing recognition only for children and grandchildren of Italians, while excluding great-grandchildren and further descendants. This change has sparked legal and constitutional debates.
The role of Italy's regions in shaping national identity: Photo of an historical building in Rome
Italy is renowned for its rich regional diversity, which has deeply influenced its national identity throughout history. From distinct dialects and culinary traditions to varied economic models, each region has contributed uniquely to Italy’s character.
decree-law-citizenship-impact
On May 15, 2025, the Italian Senate approved Decree-Law No. 36/2025, a legislative measure that restricts the recognition of Italian citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). The measure has sparked intense debate, with critics raising concerns about its constitutional validity, retroactive effects, and potential discrimination.
Woman studying for the B1 Italian language test
Summary

The Italian language test is essential not only for those seeking an Italian language proficiency certificate but also for individuals applying for Italian citizenship through residency or marriage. This test goes beyond being a mere formality; it acts as a crucial gateway to deeper integration into Italian society, whether for personal, professional, or legal purposes.

What is the B1 language proficiency level and how is it related to Italian dual citizenship?

Citizenship by Residence or Marriage

The B1 level is one of the proficiency levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. For those seeking Italian citizenship through residency or marriage, the B1 Italian test is a mandatory requirement. The B1 test certifies that candidates possess an intermediate level of Italian, which is essential for effective communication in everyday situations. This level of proficiency indicates that the individual can handle conversations, understand and produce written texts, and navigate various social and professional contexts in Italy.

Structure of the B1 Test

Test components

The B1 Italian test is divided into four parts: listening and reading comprehension, and written and oral production. Each section evaluates different aspects of language proficiency.

  • Listening comprehension: this part involves listening to dialogues or monologues in Italian and answering questions based on the content. It tests the candidate’s ability to understand spoken Italian in various contexts.
     
  • Reading comprehension: candidates must read texts and demonstrate their understanding through questions or summaries. This section assesses the ability to comprehend written Italian.
     
  • Written production: in this part, candidates are required to write short texts, such as letters or emails, to show their ability to clearly and correctly express ideas in written Italian.
     
  • Oral production: this section consists of an interview where candidates must converse about familiar topics and everyday situations. It evaluates the ability to speak Italian fluently and coherently.

Preparing for the B1 Test

  • Courses and classes: participating in Italian courses focused on the B1 level is highly recommended. Various language schools and online platforms offer specific preparation for this exam. These courses provide structured learning and practice opportunities tailored to the requirements of the B1 test.
     
  • Online resources: using apps and websites like Duolingo, Babbel, or specific B1 study materials, such as books and test simulations, can be very beneficial. These resources offer interactive and engaging ways to practice and improve your Italian skills.
     
  • Regular practice: daily practice is crucial for success in the B1 test. This includes reading Italian newspapers, watching Italian movies or series, and conversing with native speakers if possible. Consistent practice reinforces language skills and builds confidence.
     
  • Previous exams: solving past exams or simulations can help candidates familiarize themselves with the exam format and identify areas that need more attention. Practicing with previous tests allows you to understand the types of questions that may be asked and manage your time effectively during the actual exam.

Tips for exam day

Time management

Practicing time management during your studies is essential, as each section of the exam has a specific time limit. Being able to allocate your time wisely ensures that you can complete all parts of the test without feeling rushed.

Calm and focus

Staying calm allows you to think clearly and perform to the best of your ability. Take a deep breath and try to remain calm during the test

Final review

A final review of key points the day before the exam can be very helpful, but it’s important not to overload yourself. Focus on the main areas you have studied and ensure you get a good night’s rest before the exam day.

Achieving functional fluency

Passing the B1 test is a significant step towards achieving functional fluency in Italian. It opens doors to deeper integration into Italian culture and society. For those seeking citizenship, it represents a major milestone in the journey to becoming an Italian citizen. Embrace this achievement as a testament to your dedication and hard work in mastering the Italian language.

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Begin your journey to Italian citizenship

Take advantage of specialized assistance to secure your passport for a borderless future.